Multivitamin and mineral supplement may protect women with invasive breast cancer

October 10, 2013 in Cancer Prevention, Nutrition Topics in the News, Women's Health

Multivitamin and mineral supplement may protect women with invasive breast cancer

Findings from a study involving thousands postmenopausal women suggest that women who develop invasive breast cancer may benefit from taking supplements containing both vitamins and minerals. The new research found that the risk of dying from invasive breast cancer was 30 percent lower among multivitamin/mineral users compared with nonusers.

Multivitamin/mineral supplements usually contain 20-30 vitamins and minerals, often at levels of 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowances or less, and the usual label recommendation is to take them once daily.

The research was conducted as part of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study. Combined, the two studies include data from 161,608 postmenopausal women ages 50 to 79 when they first joined the study. These women were enrolled at 40 clinical centers throughout the United States during the years 1993-1998.

The current study focused on 7,728 participants who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during the WHI and were followed for an average of seven years after their diagnosis. Invasive breast cancer is defined as cancer that has spread outside the membrane of the milk glands or ducts and into the breast tissue. Two common types of invasive breast cancer are invasive ductal carcinoma and infiltrating lobular carcinoma.

After enrolling in the WHI and during repeated follow-up visits, all participants provided extensive information about their health including whether or not they had taken a multivitamin/mineral supplement at least once a week during the prior two weeks.

About 38 percent of the 7,728 women who developed invasive breast cancer during the WHI were using the supplements. Most were taking the supplements before their breast-cancer diagnosis.  A comparison of mortality rates revealed that women with invasive breast cancer who took multivitamin/mineral supplements were 30 percent less likely to die from their cancers than women with invasive breast cancer who hadn't taken the supplements.

Could differences between the multivitamin/mineral users and nonusers account for this finding? The researchers looked at many possible confounding factors including additional supplements that the women took, their smoking status, education, race/ethnicity, weight, depression, alcohol use, physical activity, age at breast cancer diagnosis, and diabetes. The association between regular use of multivitamin/mineral supplements and reduced risk of death persisted even after these factors were taken into account.

Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, October 2013

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